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A pump is a mechanical device used to convey fluids or increase their pressure. It transfers the mechanical energy of the prime mover or other external energy to the liquid, thereby increasing the liquid's energy. Pumps are mainly used to convey water, oil, acids and alkalis, emulsions, suspensions, and liquid metals, as well as liquid-gas mixtures and liquids containing suspended solids. Pumps can generally be classified into three categories based on their working principles: positive displacement pumps, dynamic pumps, and other types of pumps. Besides classification by working principle, they can also be categorized and named in other ways. For instance, they can be classified by driving method into electric pumps and water turbine pumps, etc.; by structure into single-stage pumps and multi-stage pumps; by application into boiler feed pumps and metering pumps, etc.; and by the nature of the conveyed liquid into water pumps, oil pumps, and slurry pumps, etc. The material of the pump can be stainless steel (SS 316 or SS 304), cast iron, etc., depending on the application of the pump. SS 316 stainless steel is commonly used in water industry and pharmaceutical applications, as it performs better at high temperatures compared to other stainless steels.

Valves are pipe fittings used to open and close pipes, control the flow direction, and regulate and control the parameters of the transported medium (temperature, pressure, and flow rate). According to their functions, they can be classified as shut-off valves, check valves, regulating valves, etc. Valves are control components in fluid transmission systems and have functions such as cutoff, regulation, diversion, prevention of reverse flow, pressure stabilization, diversion or overflow pressure relief. Valves used in fluid control systems range from the simplest stop valves to various valves used in extremely complex automatic control systems, and their varieties and specifications are quite numerous. Valves can be used to control the flow of various types of fluids such as air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil products, liquid metals, and radioactive media. Valves are also classified according to material, including cast iron valves, cast steel valves, stainless steel valves (201, 304, 316, etc.), chromium-molybdenum steel valves, chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel valves, duplex steel valves, plastic valves, and non-standard custom-made valves.